"The covalent alteration of one or more amino acids occurring in proteins, peptides and nascent polypeptides (co-translational, post-translational modifications). Includes the modification of charged tRNAs that are destined to occur in a protein (pre-translation modification) [goid 6464] [evidence IEA]; The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of a ubiquitin moiety, or multiple ubiquitin moieties, to the protein [goid 6511] [evidence IEA]; The directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) into, out of, within or between cells [goid 6814] [pmid 11244092] [evidence NAS]; The regulation of the levels, transport, and metabolism of sodium ions within a cell or between a cell and its external environment [goid 6883] [pmid 11244092] [evidence NAS]; The elimination by an organism of the waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity. These products include water, carbon dioxide (CO2), and nitrogenous compounds [goid 7588] [pmid 11244092] [evidence NAS]; A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a metal ion stimulus [goid 10038] [pmid 11244092] [evidence IDA]; The process by which one or more ubiquitin moieties are added to a protein [goid 16567] [pmid 11244092] [evidence NAS]; Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of water within an organism or cell [goid 30104] [pmid 11244092] [evidence NAS]; Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by the destruction of the native, active configuration, with or without the hydrolysis of peptide bonds [goid 42176] [pmid 11244092] [evidence NAS]; Any process by which an organism has an effect on an organism of a different species [goid 44419] [evidence IEA]; Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endocytosis [goid 45807] [pmid 11244092] [evidence NAS]"