"A change in morphology and behavior of a macrophage resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response [goid 2281] [evidence IEA]; Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to a toll-like receptor not relying on the MyD88 adaptor molecule. Toll-like receptors directly bind pattern motifs from a variety of microbial sources to initiate innate immune response [goid 2756] [evidence IEA]; A form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases, whose actions dismantle the cell and result in cell death. Apoptosis begins internally with condensation and subsequent fragmentation of the cell nucleus (blebbing) while the plasma membrane remains intact. Other characteristics of apoptosis include DNA fragmentation and the exposure of phosphatidyl serine on the cell surface [goid 6915] [evidence IEA]; The immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The process is characterized by local vasodilation, extravasation of plasma into intercellular spaces and accumulation of white blood cells and macrophages [goid 6954] [evidence IEA]; Any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat [goid 6955] [evidence IEA]; Any process induced by extracellular signals that directly activates any of the steps required for cell death by apoptosis [goid 8624] [evidence IEA]; Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of B cell proliferation [goid 30890] [evidence IEA]; The series of molecular signals generated in response to detection of lipopolysaccharide [goid 31663] [evidence IEA]; Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of type I interferon production. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, episilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families [goid 32481] [evidence IEA]; A change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a of lipopolysaccharide stimulus; lipopolysaccharide is a major component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria [goid 32496] [evidence IEA]; Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-6 production [goid 32755] [evidence IEA]; Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of tumor necrosis factor production [goid 32760] [evidence IEA]; Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB induced cascade [goid 43123] [pmid 12761501] [evidence IMP]; A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an exogenous double-stranded RNA stimulus [goid 43330] [evidence IEA]; Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein homodimerization, interacting selectively with an identical protein to form a homodimer [goid 43496] [evidence IEA]; Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chemokines [goid 45080] [evidence IEA]; Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-beta [goid 45359] [evidence IEA]; Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide [goid 45429] [evidence IEA]; Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activity of the transcription factor NF-kappaB [goid 51092] [evidence IEA]; Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a virus that act to protect the cell or organism [goid 51607] [evidence IEA]"